就是采用(yong)雙(shuang)面雙(shuang)點過流焊(han)接(jie)(jie)的(de)原理(li)。工作時兩(liang)(liang)個電(dian)(dian)極壓(ya)在工件上使得兩(liang)(liang)層金(jin)屬在兩(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)極的(de)壓(ya)力下(xia)形(xing)成一定的(de)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)阻，而焊(han)接(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)流就會(hui)在從(cong)一電(dian)(dian)極流經另一電(dian)(dian)極的(de)時候在兩(liang)(liang)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)阻點形(xing)成瞬間(jian)的(de)熱熔接(jie)(jie)，而且焊(han)接(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)流會(hui)瞬間(jian)從(cong)另一電(dian)(dian)極形(xing)成回(hui)路，不傷及被(bei)焊(han)工件的(de)內部結構。

　　焊(han)(han)件組合后通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)極施(shi)加壓力，利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)流通(tong)過接頭(tou)的(de)接觸面及(ji)鄰近區域(yu)產(chan)生的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)熱進行焊(han)(han)接的(de)方法叫做電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)焊(han)(han)。電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)焊(han)(han)具有生產(chan)效(xiao)率高、成本(ben)低(di)、節省材(cai)料、易(yi)于(yu)自動(dong)化(hua)等(deng)特點，因此廣(guang)泛(fan)應用(yong)于(yu)航天、航空、能源(yuan)、電(dian)(dian)子、汽車、輕工業等(deng)各工業部門，是(shi)重要的(de)焊(han)(han)接工藝之一。

　　二、點(dian)焊機的(de)分類

　　點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種類有(you)很多(duo)(duo)，按(an)照用途分(fen)，有(you)萬能式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、專用式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);按(an)照同時焊(han)(han)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)點(dian)(dian)數目分(fen)，有(you)單點(dian)(dian)是我、雙點(dian)(dian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、多(duo)(duo)點(dian)(dian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);按(an)照導(dao)電方式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)，有(you)單側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、雙側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de);按(an)照加(jia)壓機(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳動方式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)，有(you)腳(jiao)踏式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、電動機(ji)(ji)-凸輪式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、氣壓式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、液(ye)壓式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、復合(he)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);按(an)照運轉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特性分(fen)，有(you)非自(zi)動化(hua)(hua)、自(zi)動化(hua)(hua);按(an)照安(an)裝(zhuang)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)，有(you)固定式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、移(yi)動式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或輕便(bian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。目前市場上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)種類非常多(duo)(duo)，而(er)我現(xian)在(zai)所接觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)是自(zi)動線上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣動單點(dian)(dian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)。

　　我們所(suo)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)機(ji)只是整(zheng)個(ge)自動產(chan)(chan)線(xian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)工(gong)步(bu)，整(zheng)個(ge)自動產(chan)(chan)線(xian)做的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)是受話器，而工(gong)藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)一步(bu)就(jiu)是點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)。首先有(you)工(gong)裝載著盆(pen)架(jia)(jia)(jia)流入繞(rao)線(xian)機(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)，從繞(rao)線(xian)機(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)盆(pen)架(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)會(hui)(hui)有(you)繞(rao)好了的(de)(de)(de)(de)音(yin)圈(quan)，并(bing)且會(hui)(hui)將(jiang)音(yin)圈(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)根引線(xian)拉出來并(bing)壓(ya)緊(jin)在(zai)盆(pen)架(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)點(dian)(dian)(dian)鐵片上(shang)(shang)。當工(gong)裝流入流道中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候有(you)光(guang)纖檢(jian)(jian)測到(dao)并(bing)通(tong)過光(guang)纖放大器將(jiang)信(xin)號傳入PLC中(zhong)(zhong)，整(zheng)個(ge)產(chan)(chan)線(xian)都是由PLC系統控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，而且整(zheng)個(ge)產(chan)(chan)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動能機(ji)構都是氣動。PLC收(shou)到(dao)信(xin)號就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)控制(zhi)流道將(jiang)工(gong)裝載到(dao)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)機(ji)下面，通(tong)過點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)機(ji)將(jiang)音(yin)圈(quan)與盆(pen)架(jia)(jia)(jia)焊(han)(han)接(jie)在(zai)一起，焊(han)(han)接(jie)完成后，會(hui)(hui)有(you)下一步(bu)量通(tong)來進行檢(jian)(jian)測焊(han)(han)接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態是否(fou)好，是否(fou)有(you)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)斷線(xian)或點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)虛焊(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，如果量通(tong)不(bu)過說明焊(han)(han)接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態不(bu)好。

　　點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)機(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)兩(liang)部分(fen)，即主機(ji)(ji)(ji)和機(ji)(ji)(ji)頭(tou)(tou)。主機(ji)(ji)(ji)主要是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)改(gai)變(bian)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)電(dian)(dian)壓和點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)時(shi)間(jian)來控(kong)(kong)制點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，主機(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)接口(kou)處聯接有5條(tiao)線(xian)，分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)1、2、3、4、5號線(xian)。其中(zhong)4號和5號線(xian)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)源線(xian)分(fen)別接在(zai)(zai)(zai)主機(ji)(ji)(ji)PLC的(de)(de)(de)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)N24、P24上(shang)，需要接入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)5V恒定(ding)穩流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓。1、2、3號線(xian)則是(shi)(shi)接入(ru)機(ji)(ji)(ji)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)關中(zhong)，分(fen)別接在(zai)(zai)(zai)常閉端(duan)、常開(kai)(kai)端(duan)和公共端(duan)，控(kong)(kong)制著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)關。而機(ji)(ji)(ji)頭(tou)(tou)主要是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)改(gai)變(bian)壓力來控(kong)(kong)制點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。機(ji)(ji)(ji)頭(tou)(tou)內部有一(yi)(yi)根(gen)中(zhong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，中(zhong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)上(shang)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)旋(xuan)鈕，旋(xuan)鈕是(shi)(shi)套在(zai)(zai)(zai)滑動變(bian)阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)，滑動變(bian)阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)中(zhong)而且下(xia)面(mian)壓在(zai)(zai)(zai)彈(dan)簧(huang)上(shang)，彈(dan)簧(huang)的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)夾(jia)(jia)緊(jin)鐵(tie)塊(kuai)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)夾(jia)(jia)緊(jin)鐵(tie)塊(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)最右端(duan)固定(ding)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)滑軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，滑軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)面(mian)固定(ding)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)夾(jia)(jia)，點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)夾(jia)(jia)里就(jiu)夾(jia)(jia)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)頭(tou)(tou)，固定(ding)鐵(tie)塊(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)左端(duan)面(mian)這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)分(fen)開(kai)(kai)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承，中(zhong)間(jian)固定(ding)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)(yi)根(gen)小(xiao)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，他的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)保證夾(jia)(jia)緊(jin)鐵(tie)塊(kuai)與水平面(mian)垂直(zhi)。我們通過(guo)旋(xuan)轉旋(xuan)鈕來改(gai)變(bian)彈(dan)簧(huang)的(de)(de)(de)受力狀(zhuang)態(tai)，當(dang)彈(dan)簧(huang)受壓，就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)向下(xia)壓在(zai)(zai)(zai)夾(jia)(jia)緊(jin)塊(kuai)上(shang)，此時(shi)夾(jia)(jia)緊(jin)鐵(tie)塊(kuai)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)帶(dai)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)夾(jia)(jia)和點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)頭(tou)(tou)向下(xia)壓，此時(shi)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)位(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)，點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)頭(tou)(tou)壓在(zai)(zai)(zai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)，會(hui)(hui)使(shi)得(de)它(ta)有個(ge)(ge)(ge)向上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)彈(dan)力，就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)帶(dai)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)夾(jia)(jia)緊(jin)鐵(tie)塊(kuai)向上(shang)壓彈(dan)簧(huang)，當(dang)夾(jia)(jia)緊(jin)鐵(tie)塊(kuai)向上(shang)運動刀一(yi)(yi)定(ding)距離時(shi)會(hui)(hui)觸發開(kai)(kai)關，使(shi)得(de)PLC收(shou)到信號。當(dang)PLC收(shou)到信號時(shi)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)放出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，通過(guo)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)頭(tou)(tou)把(ba)音(yin)圈和盆架焊(han)接在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)起。整個(ge)(ge)(ge)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)過(guo)程有三(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置，等待(dai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)，慢(man)速位(wei)(wei)(wei)和點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)位(wei)(wei)(wei)。每(mei)(mei)次(ci)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)完(wan)成(cheng)后點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)頭(tou)(tou)都會(hui)(hui)回到等待(dai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)，每(mei)(mei)次(ci)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)都是(shi)(shi)先到達慢(man)速位(wei)(wei)(wei)以避免點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)頭(tou)(tou)速度(du)太快撞壞點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)頭(tou)(tou)。每(mei)(mei)次(ci)動作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)完(wan)成(cheng)都是(shi)(shi)由磁性(xing)感應開(kai)(kai)關來控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)。

　　在(zai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)時(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱量(liang)由(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)公式(shi)決定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：Q=IIRt，其中R為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，包括(kuo)工(gong)(gong)件本身(shen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1，兩(liang)工(gong)(gong)件間(jian)接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R2和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)與工(gong)(gong)件間(jian)接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R3，R=2R1+R2+R3。其中接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)短(duan)暫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)般存在(zai)于焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接初期(qi)，由(you)(you)兩(liang)方面(mian)(mian)原因形成：1，工(gong)(gong)件和(he)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)頭表面(mian)(mian)有高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)化物或臟系(xi)(xi)物質層，會使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)遭到(dao)較(jiao)大(da)(da)阻(zu)(zu)礙。2，在(zai)表面(mian)(mian)清潔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件下(xia)，由(you)(you)于表面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微觀不平(ping)度，使(shi)得工(gong)(gong)件只能(neng)在(zai)粗(cu)糙表面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局部形成接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)處形成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)攏。由(you)(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縮小(xiao)(xiao)而(er)(er)增加了(le)(le)接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)。同時(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)公式(shi)可(ke)(ke)見(jian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)都對產(chan)熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)比較(jiao)大(da)(da)，而(er)(er)且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)最大(da)(da)。因此它必須(xu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個嚴(yan)格控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)數(shu)。而(er)(er)在(zai)我們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)機上，由(you)(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)不好(hao)(hao)控制，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)來(lai)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化。通(tong)常(chang)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)保證(zheng)熔核尺寸和(he)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)強(qiang)度，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)和(he)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定范圍內是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)互相補(bu)充的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)獲得一(yi)(yi)定強(qiang)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)采(cai)用大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)短(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)采(cai)用小(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)長時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)。最后還有就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)對熱量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)對兩(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)間(jian)總(zong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)有明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，隨(sui)著點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增大(da)(da)，R顯(xian)著減小(xiao)(xiao)，而(er)(er)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)增大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弧(hu)度卻不大(da)(da)，不能(neng)影響(xiang)因R減小(xiao)(xiao)而(er)(er)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)熱較(jiao)少。因此，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)強(qiang)度總(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隨(sui)著焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增大(da)(da)而(er)(er)減小(xiao)(xiao)。我們(men)(men)在(zai)平(ping)時(shi)(shi)(shi)調節點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)狀(zhuang)態時(shi)(shi)(shi)主要就(jiu)依據這(zhe)幾個參(can)數(shu)，比如(ru)當點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)虛焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，我們(men)(men)一(yi)(yi)般采(cai)取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)加大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)或加大(da)(da)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)，如(ru)果還不行(xing)就(jiu)會擦拭點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)頭，增大(da)(da)接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)面(mian)(mian)以(yi)(yi)減小(xiao)(xiao)接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)來(lai)使(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態達到(dao)最好(hao)(hao)。當然要根據具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況來(lai)調節這(zhe)些參(can)數(shu)以(yi)(yi)達到(dao)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

　　三、點焊(han)機的焊(han)接過程

　　我(wo)們的點焊(han)機采用的是循環(huan)焊(han)接，有四個基本階(jie)段：

　　(1)預壓階(jie)段——電焊頭(tou)下降到慢速位，減(jian)緩點焊頭(tou)的速度，避免撞壞點焊頭(tou)。

　　(2)焊(han)(han)接(jie)階段——點焊(han)(han)頭下降到點焊(han)(han)位，使得(de)電(dian)流接(jie)通，確保點焊(han)(han)頭壓緊工(gong)件，使工(gong)件間有適當(dang)的壓力(li)。

　　(3)焊(han)接(jie)時(shi)間——焊(han)接(jie)電流通過工件(jian)，產生熱量(liang)形成(cheng)熔核。

　　(4)維持時間——切斷焊(han)接電流，電極壓力維持到(dao)熔核(he)凝固到(dao)足夠強(qiang)度。 然后電焊(han)頭(tou)會迅速回(hui)到(dao)等待位，開始下一個點(dian)焊(han)循環。

　　在我們每天(tian)開(kai)始使(shi)用點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)的(de)時(shi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)要(yao)先(xian)更(geng)換(huan)一次點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)，在夾緊點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)時(shi)要(yao)注(zhu)意，要(yao)同時(shi)擰緊左(zuo)右兩邊的(de)螺絲，以防止一邊擰的(de)太狠(hen)造成短路。然(ran)后將點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)電壓(ya)和點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)壓(ya)力適當調(diao)小，等到開(kai)始點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)時(shi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)根據具體(ti)情況(kuang)再調(diao)整。點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)裝好后首(shou)先(xian)是(shi)要(yao)對準點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)位(wei)(wei)的(de)，點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)的(de)機(ji)(ji)頭(tou)是(shi)裝在伺(si)服電機(ji)(ji)上的(de)，因此可(ke)(ke)以通(tong)過調(diao)節(jie)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)的(de)X軸和Z軸的(de)位(wei)(wei)子，使(shi)得要(yao)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接的(de)引線能夠在點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)的(de)正(zheng)下(xia)方。而且通(tong)過調(diao)節(jie)機(ji)(ji)頭(tou)Z軸的(de)高度可(ke)(ke)以調(diao)節(jie)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)與工件間(jian)的(de)壓(ya)力和接觸面積。在點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)過程中(zhong)要(yao)避免空焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，空焊(han)(han)(han)(han)對點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)的(de)損耗比(bi)較大。在正(zheng)常情況(kuang)下(xia)，我們是(shi)需要(yao)每點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)循環100次的(de)時(shi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)擦(ca)拭一下(xia)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)，每點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)15000各(ge)產品的(de)時(shi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)需要(yao)更(geng)換(huan)一個點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)。

　　同時點焊(han)(han)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)定期維(wei)護也是比(bi)較重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)，點焊(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)時候的(de)(de)(de)點焊(han)(han)點是非常小的(de)(de)(de)，用(yong)肉眼很難(nan)看清(qing)，因(yin)此(ci)點焊(han)(han)位(wei)如果有(you)個很小的(de)(de)(de)變動都(dou)會引起(qi)點焊(han)(han)狀態的(de)(de)(de)變化，而我們產(chan)線(xian)上的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)器(qi)運轉會產(chan)生很大的(de)(de)(de)震(zhen)動，因(yin)此(ci)要(yao)經常注意擰(ning)緊(jin)點焊(han)(han)機(ji)機(ji)頭上的(de)(de)(de)一些定位(wei)螺釘和緊(jin)固螺釘，防止因(yin)點焊(han)(han)機(ji)機(ji)頭位(wei)置變動引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)點焊(han)(han)異常。而且(qie)要(yao)定期將機(ji)頭里的(de)(de)(de)滑軸和軸承抹上黃(huang)油(you)，保證其潤滑度。而且(qie)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)時候更換彈(dan)簧都(dou)可以使得點焊(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)狀態更好。

　　四、

　　點焊機出現的(de)異常情況及解(jie)決方法

　　到目前我在產線上接觸過的點焊機異常(chang)情況如下(xia)：

　　1.點焊機不會點。原因可(ke)能(neng)是

　　(1)點焊(han)(han)機(ji)主機(ji)沒有開 打開點焊(han)(han)機(ji)主機(ji)，并調(diao)節參(can)數。

　　(2)氣壓(ya)沒有(you)打開 將(jiang)氣壓(ya)開關打開。

　　(3)點(dian)焊頭短(duan)(duan)路或(huo)者短(duan)(duan)路 將斷線接(jie)好(hao)，找到短(duan)(duan)路地點(dian)并修(xiu)好(hao)

　　(4)點焊(han)頭(tou)(tou)位置(zhi)過(guo)高沒接觸(chu)到工件(jian)表面 微(wei)調點焊(han)位，直到點焊(han)頭(tou)(tou)接觸(chu)到工件(jian)表面

　　(5)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)電(dian)壓(ya)過小，點(dian)(dian)焊(han)壓(ya)力太(tai)小 增大點(dian)(dian)焊(han)壓(ya)力，增大點(dian)(dian)焊(han)電(dian)壓(ya)

　　2.點(dian)焊狀態不穩定(ding)，時好時壞(huai)

　　原因是點(dian)焊(han)機(ji)頭內的(de)加緊(jin)鐵塊的(de)螺絲松動使得滑軸上下滑動 將松動的(de)螺絲擰緊(jin)

　　3.點(dian)焊斷(duan)線和(he)點(dian)焊虛焊

　　當點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)壓力太(tai)(tai)大(da)(da)或(huo)是點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)電壓太(tai)(tai)大(da)(da)都會(hui)造成點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)斷線，此時(shi)調節(jie)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)電壓或(huo)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)壓力直到(dao)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)狀態(tai)調好(hao)。同時(shi)電焊(han)(han)(han)頭用久了上面會(hui)產生氧(yang)化(hua)物也有可(ke)能造成點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)斷線，輕(qing)輕(qing)擦拭(shi)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)頭，如果還沒達到(dao)效果可(ke)以(yi)更換點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)頭。點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)虛焊(han)(han)(han)時(shi)可(ke)以(yi)加大(da)(da)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)電壓貨增大(da)(da)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)時(shi)間和壓力，調節(jie)到(dao)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)狀態(tai)合適(shi)即可(ke)。

　　4.點焊漂移

　　也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)頭(tou)壓到引(yin)(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)，即將要釋放電流(liu)進行點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)的(de)時(shi)候，引(yin)(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)會(hui)想兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)滑動，導致點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)失敗。其(qi)原因(yin)有可(ke)能是(shi)(shi)引(yin)(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)上(shang)浮，當(dang)(dang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)頭(tou)向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)壓引(yin)(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)時(shi)候，引(yin)(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)與(yu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)鐵片貼合而是(shi)(shi)向(xiang)兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)滑去。此時(shi)需(xu)要讓繞線(xian)(xian)(xian)調(diao)試(shi)員將引(yin)(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)調(diao)試(shi)號。還有可(ke)能是(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)頭(tou)安(an)裝的(de)不(bu)正(zheng)確，也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)頭(tou)與(yu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)夾(jia)不(bu)相垂(chui)直，向(xiang)一邊斜(xie)。當(dang)(dang)機頭(tou)向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)壓點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)頭(tou)時(shi)，點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)頭(tou)在Y軸上(shang)也收到一個(ge)力(li)(li)，當(dang)(dang)這個(ge)力(li)(li)足夠大時(shi)，點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)頭(tou)就(jiu)會(hui)向(xiang)一側(ce)(ce)滑動，此時(shi)就(jiu)有可(ke)能將引(yin)(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)壓斷。我們需(xu)要將點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)頭(tou)的(de)位置裝正(zheng)或者適當(dang)(dang)的(de)減小(xiao)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)壓力(li)(li)就(jiu)可(ke)以解決。