就是(shi)采(cai)用雙面雙點過流(liu)焊(han)接(jie)的(de)原理。工作(zuo)時(shi)兩(liang)個電(dian)極壓(ya)在工件上(shang)使得(de)兩(liang)層金屬(shu)在兩(liang)電(dian)極的(de)壓(ya)力(li)下形(xing)(xing)成一(yi)定的(de)接(jie)觸電(dian)阻(zu)，而(er)焊(han)接(jie)電(dian)流(liu)就會在從一(yi)電(dian)極流(liu)經另一(yi)電(dian)極的(de)時(shi)候(hou)在兩(liang)接(jie)觸電(dian)阻(zu)點形(xing)(xing)成瞬(shun)間的(de)熱熔接(jie)，而(er)且焊(han)接(jie)電(dian)流(liu)會瞬(shun)間從另一(yi)電(dian)極形(xing)(xing)成回路，不傷及被焊(han)工件的(de)內部結(jie)構。

　　焊(han)件(jian)組合后通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極施加壓力(li)，利(li)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過(guo)接頭的接觸面及(ji)鄰近(jin)區域產(chan)生的電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)熱進行焊(han)接的方法叫做電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)焊(han)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)焊(han)具(ju)有生產(chan)效率高、成本低、節省材料、易于(yu)自動(dong)化等特點，因此廣(guang)泛(fan)應用于(yu)航(hang)天、航(hang)空、能源、電(dian)(dian)(dian)子、汽車(che)、輕工業等各工業部門，是重要(yao)的焊(han)接工藝之一。

　　二、點(dian)焊機的分類(lei)

　　點(dian)焊(han)機(ji)的(de)(de)種(zhong)類有很(hen)多(duo)，按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)用途分，有萬能式(shi)(shi)、專用式(shi)(shi);按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)同時(shi)焊(han)接的(de)(de)焊(han)點(dian)數目(mu)分，有單點(dian)是(shi)我(wo)、雙點(dian)式(shi)(shi)、多(duo)點(dian)式(shi)(shi);按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)導電方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)分，有單側(ce)的(de)(de)、雙側(ce)的(de)(de);按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)加壓(ya)(ya)機(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)傳動(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)分，有腳踏式(shi)(shi)、電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)-凸輪式(shi)(shi)、氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)式(shi)(shi)、液壓(ya)(ya)式(shi)(shi)、復合式(shi)(shi);按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)運轉的(de)(de)特性分，有非(fei)自動(dong)(dong)化、自動(dong)(dong)化;按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安裝(zhuang)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)分，有固定式(shi)(shi)、移動(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)或輕便式(shi)(shi)。目(mu)前(qian)市場(chang)上的(de)(de)點(dian)焊(han)機(ji)種(zhong)類非(fei)常多(duo)，而我(wo)現在所接觸的(de)(de)點(dian)焊(han)機(ji)是(shi)自動(dong)(dong)線上的(de)(de)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)單點(dian)式(shi)(shi)點(dian)焊(han)機(ji)。

　　我(wo)們所用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)點(dian)焊(han)(han)機只是(shi)(shi)(shi)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)自動(dong)(dong)產(chan)(chan)線(xian)(xian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工步，整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)自動(dong)(dong)產(chan)(chan)線(xian)(xian)做(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品是(shi)(shi)(shi)受(shou)話(hua)器，而工藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一步就是(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)焊(han)(han)。首(shou)先有(you)(you)工裝載著盆(pen)架(jia)流(liu)(liu)(liu)入繞(rao)線(xian)(xian)機中(zhong)，從繞(rao)線(xian)(xian)機中(zhong)出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盆(pen)架(jia)上(shang)(shang)會(hui)有(you)(you)繞(rao)好(hao)了的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)音(yin)圈(quan)，并(bing)且會(hui)將(jiang)音(yin)圈(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩根引線(xian)(xian)拉出來(lai)并(bing)壓緊在盆(pen)架(jia)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)點(dian)鐵片(pian)上(shang)(shang)。當工裝流(liu)(liu)(liu)入流(liu)(liu)(liu)道中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候有(you)(you)光(guang)纖檢(jian)(jian)測到并(bing)通(tong)過(guo)光(guang)纖放大(da)器將(jiang)信號傳(chuan)入PLC中(zhong)，整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)產(chan)(chan)線(xian)(xian)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由PLC系統控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而且整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)產(chan)(chan)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)能機構都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)。PLC收(shou)到信號就會(hui)控制流(liu)(liu)(liu)道將(jiang)工裝載到點(dian)焊(han)(han)機下(xia)面，通(tong)過(guo)點(dian)焊(han)(han)機將(jiang)音(yin)圈(quan)與(yu)盆(pen)架(jia)焊(han)(han)接(jie)在一起，焊(han)(han)接(jie)完成(cheng)后，會(hui)有(you)(you)下(xia)一步量(liang)通(tong)來(lai)進(jin)行檢(jian)(jian)測焊(han)(han)接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否好(hao)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)否有(you)(you)點(dian)焊(han)(han)斷線(xian)(xian)或點(dian)焊(han)(han)虛(xu)焊(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，如果量(liang)通(tong)不過(guo)說明焊(han)(han)接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)不好(hao)。

　　點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)兩部分(fen)，即主(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)機(ji)(ji)(ji)頭。主(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通過(guo)改變(bian)(bian)(bian)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)電(dian)壓(ya)和(he)(he)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)時間來(lai)(lai)控制(zhi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)狀(zhuang)態，主(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)口(kou)處聯(lian)接(jie)(jie)有5條線(xian)，分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)1、2、3、4、5號線(xian)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)4號和(he)(he)5號線(xian)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)源線(xian)分(fen)別(bie)接(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)PLC的(de)(de)繼電(dian)器(qi)N24、P24上(shang)(shang)，需要接(jie)(jie)入的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)5V恒定穩流電(dian)壓(ya)。1、2、3號線(xian)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)入機(ji)(ji)(ji)頭的(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)別(bie)接(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)常閉端(duan)(duan)、常開(kai)(kai)端(duan)(duan)和(he)(he)公共端(duan)(duan)，控制(zhi)著(zhu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)。而(er)機(ji)(ji)(ji)頭主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通過(guo)改變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)力(li)來(lai)(lai)控制(zhi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態。機(ji)(ji)(ji)頭內部有一(yi)(yi)(yi)根中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)(zhou)，中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)(shang)上(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個旋(xuan)鈕，旋(xuan)鈕是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)套在(zai)(zai)(zai)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動變(bian)(bian)(bian)阻(zu)器(qi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)，滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動變(bian)(bian)(bian)阻(zu)器(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)而(er)且下面(mian)(mian)壓(ya)在(zai)(zai)(zai)彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)上(shang)(shang)，彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)下面(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夾(jia)緊(jin)(jin)鐵(tie)(tie)塊。在(zai)(zai)(zai)夾(jia)緊(jin)(jin)鐵(tie)(tie)塊的(de)(de)最右端(duan)(duan)固定著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個滑(hua)(hua)(hua)軸(zhou)(zhou)，滑(hua)(hua)(hua)軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)下面(mian)(mian)固定著(zhu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)夾(jia)，點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)夾(jia)里就夾(jia)著(zhu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)頭，固定鐵(tie)(tie)塊的(de)(de)左端(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兩個分(fen)開(kai)(kai)的(de)(de)小軸(zhou)(zhou)承，中(zhong)(zhong)間固定著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)根小軸(zhou)(zhou)，他的(de)(de)作用就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保證夾(jia)緊(jin)(jin)鐵(tie)(tie)塊與水(shui)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)垂直。我們(men)通過(guo)旋(xuan)轉旋(xuan)鈕來(lai)(lai)改變(bian)(bian)(bian)彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)受(shou)力(li)狀(zhuang)態，當(dang)彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)受(shou)壓(ya)，就會(hui)向(xiang)(xiang)下壓(ya)在(zai)(zai)(zai)夾(jia)緊(jin)(jin)塊上(shang)(shang)，此時夾(jia)緊(jin)(jin)鐵(tie)(tie)塊就會(hui)帶著(zhu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)夾(jia)和(he)(he)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)頭向(xiang)(xiang)下壓(ya)，此時是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)位(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)，點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)頭壓(ya)在(zai)(zai)(zai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)，會(hui)使得(de)它有個向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)彈(dan)(dan)力(li)，就會(hui)帶著(zhu)夾(jia)緊(jin)(jin)鐵(tie)(tie)塊向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)壓(ya)彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)(huang)，當(dang)夾(jia)緊(jin)(jin)鐵(tie)(tie)塊向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)運動刀(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定距離時會(hui)觸發開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)，使得(de)PLC收到信(xin)號。當(dang)PLC收到信(xin)號時就會(hui)放出電(dian)流，通過(guo)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)頭把音圈和(he)(he)盆架焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起。整個點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)過(guo)程有三個位(wei)(wei)(wei)置，等待(dai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)，慢(man)速(su)(su)位(wei)(wei)(wei)和(he)(he)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)位(wei)(wei)(wei)。每次點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)完成(cheng)后點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)頭都會(hui)回到等待(dai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)，每次開(kai)(kai)始(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先到達慢(man)速(su)(su)位(wei)(wei)(wei)以避免點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)頭速(su)(su)度太(tai)快撞壞(huai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)頭。每次動作的(de)(de)完成(cheng)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由磁性感應(ying)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)來(lai)(lai)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)。

　　在(zai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)量由以(yi)(yi)(yi)下公式(shi)決定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：Q=IIRt，其中(zhong)R為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，包括(kuo)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)本身電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1，兩(liang)(liang)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)間(jian)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R2和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)與工(gong)件(jian)(jian)間(jian)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R3，R=2R1+R2+R3。其中(zhong)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)是短(duan)暫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，一般(ban)存(cun)在(zai)于(yu)焊(han)接(jie)初(chu)期，由兩(liang)(liang)方面(mian)原因形成(cheng)：1，工(gong)件(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)頭(tou)表面(mian)有高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)系(xi)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)化物或臟系(xi)物質層(ceng)，會使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)遭到較大(da)(da)阻(zu)(zu)礙。2，在(zai)表面(mian)清(qing)潔(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)(jian)下，由于(yu)表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微觀(guan)不平度(du)，使(shi)(shi)得工(gong)件(jian)(jian)只能(neng)(neng)在(zai)粗糙表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局部(bu)形成(cheng)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)處形成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收攏(long)。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縮小而(er)(er)增(zeng)加(jia)了接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)。同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由公式(shi)可(ke)見，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)都對產(chan)熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)比較大(da)(da)，而(er)(er)且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)最大(da)(da)。因此(ci)它(ta)必(bi)須是一個嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)(can)數。而(er)(er)在(zai)我(wo)(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)機上，由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)不好(hao)控制(zhi)，是通(tong)過控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)來(lai)(lai)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化。通(tong)常為了保證熔核尺寸和(he)(he)焊(han)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)強度(du)，焊(han)接(jie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)和(he)(he)焊(han)接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)一定(ding)范圍內是可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)互相補充(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。為了獲得一定(ding)強度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)用大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)短(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)長時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)。最后還(huan)有就(jiu)是點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)對熱(re)(re)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)對兩(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)間(jian)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)有明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，隨著(zhu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)大(da)(da)，R顯著(zhu)減(jian)(jian)小，而(er)(er)焊(han)接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)增(zeng)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弧度(du)卻不大(da)(da)，不能(neng)(neng)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)因R減(jian)(jian)小而(er)(er)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)熱(re)(re)較少。因此(ci)，焊(han)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)強度(du)總是隨著(zhu)焊(han)接(jie)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)大(da)(da)而(er)(er)減(jian)(jian)小。我(wo)(wo)們在(zai)平時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)調節(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)狀態時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要就(jiu)依據(ju)這幾個參(can)(can)數，比如(ru)當(dang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)虛焊(han)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，我(wo)(wo)們一般(ban)采(cai)取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是加(jia)大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)或加(jia)大(da)(da)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)，如(ru)果還(huan)不行就(jiu)會擦拭(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)頭(tou)，增(zeng)大(da)(da)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)面(mian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)減(jian)(jian)小接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)來(lai)(lai)使(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態達(da)到最好(hao)。當(dang)然要根據(ju)具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)來(lai)(lai)調節(jie)這些參(can)(can)數以(yi)(yi)(yi)達(da)到目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

　　三(san)、點焊機的焊接過(guo)程(cheng)

　　我(wo)們的點焊機采用的是循(xun)環焊接，有四個基本階段：

　　(1)預壓階段——電(dian)焊(han)頭下(xia)降到慢速(su)位，減緩點焊(han)頭的速(su)度，避免(mian)撞壞點焊(han)頭。

　　(2)焊(han)接階段(duan)——點焊(han)頭(tou)下降到點焊(han)位(wei)，使(shi)得電(dian)流(liu)接通，確(que)保點焊(han)頭(tou)壓緊工件，使(shi)工件間有適當的壓力。

　　(3)焊接時(shi)間——焊接電流通過工件，產(chan)生熱量(liang)形(xing)成熔(rong)核。

　　(4)維持時間——切斷焊接電流，電極(ji)壓力維持到熔核(he)凝固到足夠強度。 然后(hou)電焊頭會迅速回到等待位，開(kai)始下一個點焊循環。

　　在(zai)(zai)我們每(mei)天(tian)開始(shi)使(shi)用點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候要(yao)先(xian)更換一次(ci)點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)(tou)，在(zai)(zai)夾(jia)緊點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)(tou)時要(yao)注(zhu)意，要(yao)同時擰緊左右(you)兩(liang)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)螺絲(si)，以防止(zhi)一邊擰的(de)(de)(de)(de)太狠造成短路。然后將點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)電(dian)壓和點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)壓力(li)適當調小，等到開始(shi)點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候根(gen)據具體(ti)情況再調整(zheng)。點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)(tou)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)好后首先(xian)是要(yao)對準(zhun)點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)，點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)頭(tou)(tou)是裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)伺服電(dian)機(ji)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，因此可(ke)以通(tong)(tong)過(guo)調節點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)X軸(zhou)和Z軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位子(zi)，使(shi)得要(yao)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)引線(xian)能夠(gou)在(zai)(zai)點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)下(xia)方(fang)。而且通(tong)(tong)過(guo)調節機(ji)頭(tou)(tou)Z軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高度可(ke)以調節點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)(tou)與工件間的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)和接觸面(mian)積。在(zai)(zai)點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)過(guo)程(cheng)中要(yao)避免空(kong)(kong)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，空(kong)(kong)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)對點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損耗比較大。在(zai)(zai)正(zheng)常情況下(xia)，我們是需(xu)要(yao)每(mei)點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)循環100次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候擦拭一下(xia)點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)(tou)，每(mei)點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)15000各產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候需(xu)要(yao)更換一個點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)(tou)。

　　同時(shi)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)定期(qi)維護也(ye)是比較重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)，點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)的(de)(de)(de)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)點(dian)(dian)是非常小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)，用肉眼很難看清，因(yin)此點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)位(wei)如果(guo)有個很小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)動(dong)都(dou)會引起點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化，而我們產(chan)線上的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)器運(yun)轉會產(chan)生很大的(de)(de)(de)震動(dong)，因(yin)此要(yao)(yao)經(jing)常注意擰緊點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)機(ji)機(ji)頭(tou)上的(de)(de)(de)一些定位(wei)螺釘和緊固螺釘，防止因(yin)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)機(ji)機(ji)頭(tou)位(wei)置變(bian)動(dong)引起的(de)(de)(de)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)異常。而且要(yao)(yao)定期(qi)將(jiang)機(ji)頭(tou)里的(de)(de)(de)滑軸(zhou)和軸(zhou)承抹上黃(huang)油，保證(zheng)其潤滑度。而且必(bi)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)更(geng)換彈(dan)簧(huang)都(dou)可(ke)以(yi)使得點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)更(geng)好。

　　四、

　　點焊(han)機出現的(de)異常(chang)情況(kuang)及解決方法

　　到目前(qian)我在(zai)產線(xian)上接觸過的點焊機異常情況如(ru)下：

　　1.點焊機不會點。原因可(ke)能是

　　(1)點焊機主(zhu)(zhu)機沒有開 打開點焊機主(zhu)(zhu)機，并調節參數。

　　(2)氣壓沒有打(da)開 將氣壓開關打(da)開。

　　(3)點焊頭(tou)短(duan)路(lu)或者(zhe)短(duan)路(lu) 將斷線接好(hao)，找到短(duan)路(lu)地點并修(xiu)好(hao)

　　(4)點焊頭位(wei)置過高沒接觸到(dao)工(gong)件表面 微(wei)調(diao)點焊位(wei)，直到(dao)點焊頭接觸到(dao)工(gong)件表面

　　(5)點(dian)焊(han)電壓(ya)過小，點(dian)焊(han)壓(ya)力(li)太小 增大點(dian)焊(han)壓(ya)力(li)，增大點(dian)焊(han)電壓(ya)

　　2.點(dian)焊(han)狀態不(bu)穩定，時(shi)好(hao)時(shi)壞

　　原(yuan)因是點(dian)焊機頭內的(de)加緊鐵(tie)塊的(de)螺(luo)絲松(song)動使得滑軸上(shang)下滑動 將(jiang)松(song)動的(de)螺(luo)絲擰緊

　　3.點(dian)(dian)焊斷線和點(dian)(dian)焊虛(xu)焊

　　當點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)壓(ya)力太大或是點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)電壓(ya)太大都(dou)會(hui)造成(cheng)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)斷(duan)(duan)線(xian)，此時(shi)調節點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)電壓(ya)或點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)壓(ya)力直到(dao)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)狀(zhuang)態調好。同時(shi)電焊(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)用久(jiu)了上面會(hui)產生氧化物也有(you)可(ke)能造成(cheng)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)斷(duan)(duan)線(xian)，輕輕擦拭點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)，如果還沒(mei)達到(dao)效果可(ke)以(yi)更(geng)換(huan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)。點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)虛焊(han)(han)(han)(han)時(shi)可(ke)以(yi)加大點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)電壓(ya)貨增(zeng)大點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)時(shi)間和(he)壓(ya)力，調節到(dao)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)狀(zhuang)態合適即(ji)可(ke)。

　　4.點焊漂移

　　也就是(shi)當(dang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)(tou)壓(ya)到引(yin)(yin)線(xian)的，即(ji)將(jiang)要(yao)釋放電流進行點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)的時(shi)(shi)候，引(yin)(yin)線(xian)會(hui)想兩側(ce)(ce)滑動，導致點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)失敗。其原因(yin)有可能是(shi)引(yin)(yin)線(xian)上浮(fu)，當(dang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)(tou)向(xiang)下壓(ya)引(yin)(yin)線(xian)的時(shi)(shi)候，引(yin)(yin)線(xian)不是(shi)向(xiang)下與點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)鐵片貼合而是(shi)向(xiang)兩側(ce)(ce)滑去(qu)。此時(shi)(shi)需要(yao)讓繞線(xian)調試員將(jiang)引(yin)(yin)線(xian)調試號。還有可能是(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)(tou)安裝的不正確，也就是(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)(tou)與點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)夾不相(xiang)垂(chui)直，向(xiang)一(yi)邊斜。當(dang)機頭(tou)(tou)向(xiang)下壓(ya)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)(tou)時(shi)(shi)，點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)(tou)在Y軸(zhou)上也收到一(yi)個(ge)力，當(dang)這(zhe)個(ge)力足夠(gou)大時(shi)(shi)，點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)(tou)就會(hui)向(xiang)一(yi)側(ce)(ce)滑動，此時(shi)(shi)就有可能將(jiang)引(yin)(yin)線(xian)壓(ya)斷(duan)。我(wo)們(men)需要(yao)將(jiang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)頭(tou)(tou)的位(wei)置裝正或者適當(dang)的減小點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)壓(ya)力就可以解決。