點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)是(shi)電池(chi)行業必不(bu)可(ke)少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)道工序，從電芯到(dao)PACK組裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)個連接(jie)(jie)環節都離(li)不(bu)開點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)，點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)影響(xiang)到(dao)電池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)。最常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)品質(zhi)問題有(you)虛(xu)焊(han)(han)(han)和炸焊(han)(han)(han)，虛(xu)焊(han)(han)(han)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)不(bu)易發現(xian)，會給(gei)電池(chi)品質(zhi)留(liu)下重大隱患，炸焊(han)(han)(han)在點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)時會直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)反映出(chu)(chu)來，往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)會造成(cheng)零件損(sun)耗。電池(chi)行業經(jing)過多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，從最初的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交流脈(mo)沖到(dao)儲能點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)、中頻(pin)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)、晶體管式點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)，再到(dao)激光點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)，點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)設備不(bu)斷(duan)升級，點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)也(ye)(ye)不(bu)斷(duan)提高。但是(shi)我(wo)們(men)也(ye)(ye)經(jing)常看到(dao)各(ge)(ge)種點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)在同一(yi)生產車間(jian)齊聚(ju)一(yi)堂，發揮著(zhu)各(ge)(ge)自的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，性能差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)并沒有(you)被淘汰(tai)出(chu)(chu)局，這是(shi)為什么呢？我(wo)們(men)就從各(ge)(ge)種點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原理(li)去(qu)深入了解(jie)它們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能。

1.交流脈沖點焊(han)機，通過單片機控(kong)制(zhi)可(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)截取交流脈沖電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)給焊(han)接變壓(ya)(ya)器初級(ji)線圈，變壓(ya)(ya)器再將高壓(ya)(ya)脈沖轉換成低壓(ya)(ya)大電(dian)流輸出到點焊(han)針放電(dian)點焊(han)。

交(jiao)流(liu)脈沖(chong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)機的(de)優點(dian)(dian)(dian)是成本(ben)低(di)，故障率(lv)低(di)。缺點(dian)(dian)(dian)是可控硅一(yi)旦觸發(fa)導通(tong)，其(qi)關(guan)斷必須要(yao)等(deng)到交(jiao)流(liu)電過零點(dian)(dian)(dian)才能關(guan)斷，這(zhe)樣(yang)導致焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接時(shi)間延長(chang)，隨著時(shi)間的(de)延長(chang)，其(qi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接的(de)功(gong)率(lv)越來越低(di)，因此，延長(chang)的(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接時(shi)間對焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接效果(guo)毫無(wu)益處(chu)，只會徒增焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)點(dian)(dian)(dian)溫度(du)，容易(yi)造(zao)成功(gong)率(lv)調(diao)小了(le)虛(xu)(xu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，調(diao)大(da)了(le)炸焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)、熔(rong)錫等(deng)。這(zhe)個現(xian)象在(zai)保護板鎳(nie)(nie)片點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)時(shi)很常(chang)見，因為保護板焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)盤底下的(de)錫很敏(min)感，這(zhe)點(dian)(dian)(dian)反應映出交(jiao)流(liu)脈沖(chong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)溫度(du)高不爭(zheng)的(de)事實。所以在(zai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)鋁殼(ke)負極或鋼殼(ke)正極時(shi)，由于其(qi)鉚(liu)釘(ding)面積較(jiao)小，不容易(yi)散熱，經常(chang)出現(xian)密封(feng)圈(quan)燒熔(rong)的(de)現(xian)象，還有保護板鎳(nie)(nie)片點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)容易(yi)出現(xian)虛(xu)(xu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)或焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)盤熔(rong)掉(diao)的(de)現(xian)象。

2.儲能點焊(han)(han)機(ji)，通過單片機(ji)控制儲能電(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，再控制電(dian)(dian)容(rong)對(dui)焊(han)(han)接變壓(ya)器的(de)放電(dian)(dian)時間，使焊(han)(han)接變壓(ya)器的(de)次級每次都(dou)(dou)輸出同樣大小的(de)功到(dao)點焊(han)(han)針放電(dian)(dian)點焊(han)(han)。特別需(xu)要說明(ming)的(de)是(shi)，市面上(shang)所謂的(de)微電(dian)(dian)腦高(gao)頻(pin)逆變點焊(han)(han)機(ji)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)儲能點焊(han)(han)機(ji)。

儲能放電(dian)(dian)能(neng)量集(ji)中，焊(han)(han)接(jie)時(shi)間短，成本也(ye)比較(jiao)低，非常適合電(dian)(dian)池點焊(han)(han)。但是(shi)它(ta)焊(han)(han)接(jie)火花飛濺大，故障率比較(jiao)高(gao)，儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)容的(de)容量衰減也(ye)會導致(zhi)焊(han)(han)接(jie)性能(neng)下(xia)降，特別(bie)是(shi)近年(nian)焊(han)(han)接(jie)自動(dong)化(hua)的(de)興起，受(shou)制于儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)容的(de)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間，無法快速穩(wen)定輸出焊(han)(han)接(jie)能(neng)量，因此它(ta)只(zhi)適合用于手動(dong)點焊(han)(han)作業(ye)。

3.中(zhong)頻(pin)焊接電源，交流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸(shu)入電流(liu)(liu)(liu)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)成直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電，直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電再通過逆變(bian)器轉換成高(gao)頻(pin)脈(mo)沖(chong)給(gei)中(zhong)頻(pin)變(bian)壓(ya)器初級，變(bian)壓(ya)器次級輸(shu)出波(bo)(bo)形(xing)經全波(bo)(bo)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)后輸(shu)出穩定的低壓(ya)大電流(liu)(liu)(liu)到點焊針(zhen)放(fang)電點焊。

逆(ni)變焊(han)(han)(han)機的(de)頻(pin)(pin)率和控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)是(shi)判斷(duan)其性能(neng)的(de)重要指標。一般1-10KHz逆(ni)變頻(pin)(pin)率統稱為中(zhong)頻(pin)(pin)，10KHz以上(shang)稱為高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)。控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)上(shang)原邊定(ding)電(dian)流是(shi)比較(jiao)理想(xiang)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，原邊定(ding)電(dian)流采用閉(bi)環控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，能(neng)根據(ju)實際輸出電(dian)流調整高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)脈沖寬(kuan)度(du)，做得(de)差(cha)一些的(de)則采用固(gu)定(ding)脈寬(kuan)調制(zhi)，屬于開環控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，由(you)于點焊(han)(han)(han)時點焊(han)(han)(han)針及焊(han)(han)(han)件本身(shen)都(dou)會對焊(han)(han)(han)接造成很大影響，所以穩定(ding)性相對較(jiao)差(cha)。中(zhong)頻(pin)(pin)焊(han)(han)(han)接電(dian)源(yuan)頻(pin)(pin)率一般在4-5KHz比較(jiao)好(hao)，一方(fang)面(mian)(mian)在輸出端能(neng)獲得(de)穩定(ding)的(de)焊(han)(han)(han)接波形，另一方(fang)面(mian)(mian)在這個頻(pin)(pin)段能(neng)反饋和控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)較(jiao)大的(de)放電(dian)電(dian)流，變壓(ya)器(qi)需要一定(ding)的(de)響應時間(jian)，頻(pin)(pin)率太(tai)高(gao)，電(dian)流做不大。

4.晶體管式焊接(jie)電源，是最理(li)想的電阻焊接(jie)電源，不需(xu)要焊接(jie)變壓(ya)(ya)器，電流(liu)(liu)上升快(kuai)，直(zhi)接(jie)高頻輸出電流(liu)(liu)波形，可以(yi)選(xuan)擇定(ding)(ding)電流(liu)(liu)、定(ding)(ding)電壓(ya)(ya)或定(ding)(ding)電流(liu)(liu)定(ding)(ding)電壓(ya)(ya)控制(zhi)方式，但是它也有(you)價格昂貴的缺(que)點。

5.激光(guang)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)機(ji)，由晶體、氙(xian)燈、聚光(guang)腔(qiang)、光(guang)學(xue)諧振腔(qiang)、冷卻濾光(guang)部(bu)件及激光(guang)電(dian)源(yuan)等(deng)幾部(bu)分組成(cheng)。在(zai)電(dian)池行(xing)業(ye)鋼殼、鋁(lv)殼蓋(gai)板焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接早已(yi)廣泛應用，近年來在(zai)聚合物(wu)PACK保(bao)護板點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)也開始使用。相對于電(dian)阻焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，激光(guang)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)機(ji)有不需要(yao)修磨點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)針，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接牢固，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)點(dian)(dian)均勻，不易產生虛(xu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)的優點(dian)(dian)，但也有價格昂貴，維(wei)護成(cheng)本高(gao)等(deng)缺陷。

總之(zhi)，在(zai)要求不高的場合，交流點(dian)(dian)焊(han)機(ji)也能用；一般手(shou)動點(dian)(dian)焊(han)，儲能點(dian)(dian)焊(han)機(ji)較好；自動化焊(han)接，以配(pei)置中頻焊(han)接電源(yuan)為宜；如果不差(cha)錢或公司形象需(xu)要，請選擇晶體(ti)管或激光點(dian)(dian)焊(han)機(ji)。