點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)行(xing)(xing)業必不可少的(de)一道(dao)工序，從(cong)(cong)電(dian)(dian)芯到(dao)(dao)PACK組裝(zhuang)的(de)每(mei)個連接環節都離不開點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)直接影響到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)。最(zui)常(chang)見的(de)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)問題(ti)有虛焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)和(he)炸焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，虛焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)不易發現，會(hui)給電(dian)(dian)池(chi)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)留下重大隱患，炸焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)在(zai)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)時會(hui)直接反映出(chu)(chu)來，往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)會(hui)造成零(ling)件(jian)損(sun)耗。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)行(xing)(xing)業經過(guo)多年(nian)的(de)發展，從(cong)(cong)最(zui)初(chu)的(de)交流脈沖(chong)到(dao)(dao)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)機(ji)、中頻點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)機(ji)、晶體管式點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)機(ji)，再到(dao)(dao)激光點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)機(ji)，點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)設備(bei)不斷升級，點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)也不斷提高(gao)。但是我們也經常(chang)看到(dao)(dao)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)機(ji)在(zai)同一生產車間(jian)齊聚一堂(tang)，發揮著各(ge)(ge)自的(de)作用(yong)，性能(neng)(neng)差的(de)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)機(ji)并沒有被(bei)淘汰出(chu)(chu)局，這是為什么呢？我們就(jiu)從(cong)(cong)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)點(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)機(ji)的(de)原理去深入了解(jie)它們的(de)性能(neng)(neng)。

1.交流脈(mo)沖(chong)點焊機，通(tong)過單片機控(kong)制可控(kong)硅截取交流脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)給焊接(jie)變壓(ya)器初級線圈，變壓(ya)器再將高壓(ya)脈(mo)沖(chong)轉換成低(di)壓(ya)大(da)電(dian)流輸出到點焊針放電(dian)點焊。

交流(liu)脈沖點(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)機的(de)(de)優(you)點(dian)是(shi)成本(ben)低(di)，故(gu)障率低(di)。缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)可控(kong)硅一(yi)旦觸(chu)發(fa)導(dao)通，其(qi)關斷(duan)(duan)必須要等(deng)到交流(liu)電(dian)過零點(dian)才能(neng)關斷(duan)(duan)，這樣導(dao)致焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)延長(chang)，隨著時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)延長(chang)，其(qi)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)的(de)(de)功率越來越低(di)，因此，延長(chang)的(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)對焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)效果毫無(wu)益處(chu)，只會徒(tu)增焊(han)(han)(han)點(dian)溫度(du)(du)，容易(yi)造成功率調(diao)小了虛焊(han)(han)(han)，調(diao)大了炸焊(han)(han)(han)、熔(rong)錫等(deng)。這個現(xian)象在(zai)保(bao)護板(ban)鎳片點(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)時(shi)(shi)很(hen)常(chang)見(jian)，因為保(bao)護板(ban)焊(han)(han)(han)盤底下的(de)(de)錫很(hen)敏感，這點(dian)反應映(ying)出(chu)交流(liu)脈沖點(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)溫度(du)(du)高不(bu)爭的(de)(de)事實。所以在(zai)點(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)鋁殼(ke)負極(ji)或鋼殼(ke)正極(ji)時(shi)(shi)，由于其(qi)鉚(liu)釘面(mian)積(ji)較小，不(bu)容易(yi)散熱，經常(chang)出(chu)現(xian)密封圈燒熔(rong)的(de)(de)現(xian)象，還有保(bao)護板(ban)鎳片點(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)容易(yi)出(chu)現(xian)虛焊(han)(han)(han)或焊(han)(han)(han)盤熔(rong)掉的(de)(de)現(xian)象。

2.儲(chu)能點焊(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)，通(tong)過單片機(ji)(ji)控制(zhi)儲(chu)能電(dian)(dian)容(rong)的充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓，再控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)對焊(han)(han)接(jie)變(bian)壓器(qi)的放電(dian)(dian)時間，使焊(han)(han)接(jie)變(bian)壓器(qi)的次級每次都(dou)(dou)輸出同樣(yang)大小的功到點焊(han)(han)針放電(dian)(dian)點焊(han)(han)。特別(bie)需(xu)要說(shuo)明的是(shi)，市(shi)面上所(suo)謂的微電(dian)(dian)腦高頻逆變(bian)點焊(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)儲(chu)能點焊(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)。

儲能放電(dian)能(neng)量集中，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)時間短(duan)，成本也比較(jiao)低，非常適合(he)電(dian)池(chi)點焊(han)。但是(shi)它焊(han)接(jie)(jie)火花飛濺大，故(gu)障率(lv)比較(jiao)高，儲(chu)能(neng)電(dian)容(rong)的(de)容(rong)量衰減也會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)性(xing)能(neng)下降，特別(bie)是(shi)近年焊(han)接(jie)(jie)自動化的(de)興(xing)起，受(shou)制于儲(chu)能(neng)電(dian)容(rong)的(de)充電(dian)時間，無法快(kuai)速(su)穩定輸出焊(han)接(jie)(jie)能(neng)量，因此它只適合(he)用(yong)于手動點焊(han)作(zuo)業。

3.中頻(pin)焊接(jie)電(dian)(dian)源，交流(liu)輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)整流(liu)成(cheng)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)，直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)再(zai)通過逆變器轉換(huan)成(cheng)高頻(pin)脈沖給(gei)中頻(pin)變壓器初級(ji)(ji)，變壓器次級(ji)(ji)輸(shu)出波形經(jing)全波整流(liu)后輸(shu)出穩定的(de)低(di)壓大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)到(dao)點焊針放電(dian)(dian)點焊。

逆變(bian)焊(han)(han)機的(de)(de)頻(pin)(pin)率和控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式是判(pan)斷其性(xing)能的(de)(de)重要指(zhi)標。一(yi)般1-10KHz逆變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)率統稱為(wei)中頻(pin)(pin)，10KHz以上稱為(wei)高頻(pin)(pin)。控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式上原(yuan)邊定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)流是比較理想的(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式，原(yuan)邊定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)流采(cai)用閉(bi)環控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，能根據實際輸出電(dian)(dian)流調整高頻(pin)(pin)脈沖寬(kuan)度(du)，做得差一(yi)些的(de)(de)則采(cai)用固定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)脈寬(kuan)調制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，屬于開環控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，由(you)于點(dian)焊(han)(han)時(shi)點(dian)焊(han)(han)針(zhen)及焊(han)(han)件(jian)本身都(dou)會對(dui)焊(han)(han)接造成很(hen)大(da)影響，所以穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)相對(dui)較差。中頻(pin)(pin)焊(han)(han)接電(dian)(dian)源頻(pin)(pin)率一(yi)般在4-5KHz比較好，一(yi)方面(mian)在輸出端能獲(huo)得穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)焊(han)(han)接波形，另一(yi)方面(mian)在這個頻(pin)(pin)段能反饋和控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較大(da)的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，變(bian)壓器(qi)需要一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)響應(ying)時(shi)間，頻(pin)(pin)率太高，電(dian)(dian)流做不(bu)大(da)。

4.晶體管式焊接電(dian)(dian)源，是最(zui)理想的電(dian)(dian)阻焊接電(dian)(dian)源，不需要焊接變壓(ya)器，電(dian)(dian)流上升快，直接高頻輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流波形，可以選擇(ze)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流、定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)控(kong)制方式，但是它也有價格(ge)昂貴的缺點。

5.激光(guang)(guang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)，由晶(jing)體、氙燈、聚光(guang)(guang)腔、光(guang)(guang)學諧(xie)振(zhen)腔、冷卻(que)濾光(guang)(guang)部件(jian)及激光(guang)(guang)電源(yuan)等幾部分組成(cheng)。在電池行業鋼殼(ke)、鋁(lv)殼(ke)蓋板焊(han)(han)接(jie)早已廣(guang)泛應用(yong)，近(jin)年來在聚合物PACK保護(hu)板點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)也開始使用(yong)。相對于電阻焊(han)(han)，激光(guang)(guang)焊(han)(han)機(ji)(ji)有不需(xu)要修磨(mo)點(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)針，焊(han)(han)接(jie)牢固，焊(han)(han)點(dian)(dian)(dian)均勻(yun)，不易(yi)產生虛焊(han)(han)的優點(dian)(dian)(dian)，但也有價格昂貴，維護(hu)成(cheng)本高等缺陷(xian)。

總之(zhi)，在要(yao)求不(bu)(bu)高的場合，交流點焊(han)機也能(neng)用；一般手動點焊(han)，儲能(neng)點焊(han)機較好(hao)；自動化焊(han)接，以配置(zhi)中頻焊(han)接電源為宜；如果不(bu)(bu)差錢或(huo)公司(si)形象需(xu)要(yao)，請選擇晶體管(guan)或(huo)激光點焊(han)機。